Thanks for contributing an answer to Physics Stack Exchange! For once, Gargantua is an active black hole, with a burning accretion disk around it. Now keep in mind, that the planets had largely similar gravity compared to earth (in particular 130% and 80% of Earth's gravity for Miller's and Mann's planet respectively, and judging from Brand's bevahiour at the end we can assume Edmunds' planet to be largely similar). However Thorne did a few hours of calculations and came to the conclusion that in fact it was marginally possible (although very unlikely). All this is theoretically possible, but by no ways realistic. Yes. If so, the same time dilation would have been in effect whether in orbit or on the surface of the planet. , Konstantin E. Tsiolkovsky, Father of Russian Astronautics, 1896. A time dilation calculator of Miller's planet from Interstellar. A PI gave me 2 days to accept his offer after I mentioned I still have another interview. When they visited Miller's planet they were almost killed by a re-occurring tidal wave. For instance, in an automobile race two cars may go faster in some parts of the track and slower in others, but the difference in departure/arrival times should always remains the same. Thus in the couple decades the ship is waiting, it only sees the one passage of the wave. My extraordinarily rough but qualitatively correct attempt is below. Have a look at InterstellarWiki and note this: "Miller is a water world and the first planet in the system orbiting Gargantua. http://life after death.vip/eng.html, Sorry, I made a mistake. So, you find a planet, there's no land, but you give it the thumbs up inside an hour? In addition to what should be a miniscule difference in time dilation between the water planet's orbit and the water planet's surface, I still don't understand the tiny difference in subjective time separating the two landers' arriving on the water planet's surface. The right hand side fraction is precisely equal to 1 – (dtau/dt)^2 (and not 1 – dtau/dt), which gives exactly dtau/dt = 1/60 000. Yes, and note this: "10 years before the Endurance crew travelled through the wormhole, NASA sent twelve landing pods through it, each carrying a scientist to assess a potentially habitable world. By clicking “Post Your Answer”, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. But I believe the point was this black hole was so supermassive that the tidal forces/gradient would not be that large - so that it would not rip apart the space vehicle and its occupants. Continue reading to watch the scene in full and for more information. What was Anatolian language during the Neolithic era according to Kurgan hypothesis proponents? The time dilation for GPS satellites is miniscule, it's 38 microseconds a day. I know that the science in movies is questionable and sometimes ridiculous but I would think this question would have been more obvious to the script writers. The explanation comes down to what scientists call Gravitational Time Dilation. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. If you were going to land on a planet, you'd orbit it and check it out first. The time dilation factor is exactly 1 hour on Milller per 7 years of Earth time due to the gravitational forces of Gargantua moving the planet through empty space at roughly 99.99999998% the speed of light. If two identical ships start a journey in the same frame of reference, and then travel identical paths that end up in the same frame of reference, then the subjective difference in time separating the two ships should remain constant. depends on the gravity gradient from orbit to planet's surface. Why would a HR still ask when I can start work though I have already stated in my resume? As explained by Thorne in his popular book, such a large time dilation was a « non-negotiable » request of the film director, for the needs of the story. Vector of gravity and inertial force is possible to compose. Miller takes its name from Dr. Miller, who landed on the planet and activated the "thumbs up" beacon". To an observer keeping a safe distance, the infalling astronaut appears to slow down. She was unable to negotiate the encounter and her landing pod was destroyed. When they were still orbiting the planet before going down wouldn't they have seen multiple tidal waves occurring one after another? The one thing I would criticise: you don’t see any fuel tanks. The astronauts use it to benefit of a particularly efficient gravitational assistance (called « slingshot effect »), which allows their spaceship to plunge very close to the event horizon and escape with an increased energy. Substituting for dτ = 1 hour and dt = 7 years, one obtains the following relation: This equation fully describes a black hole of mass M, rotating with angular momentum J, as observed by an observer at radial coordinate r and angular coordinate θ. The left branch is the worldline of the crew that goes to the surface, while the right branch is the path taken by the ship staying in orbit. Light moves at $45^\circ$ lines. For example, at the ISS time goes slower, lagging … Time itself is relative, bent and contorted by the pull of gravity. This well-known phenomenon, checked experimentally to high accuracy, is called « time dilation ». Two space ships are passing each other (horizontally : at the same speed). Replace the projectiles by a spaceship which leaves a part of it to fall into the black hole along a carefully chosen retrograde orbit, and le tour est joué. As a result, any light signal either misses both paths or intersects them both exactly once. Therefore it is a physics question. Sequel of the preceding post The Warped Science of Interstellar (3/6). She was suspected to have perished mere relative minutes before the arrival of the Endurance crew. The elasticity of time is a major consequence of relativity theory, according to which time runs differently for two observers with a relative acceleration – or, from the Equivalence Principle, moving in gravitational fields of different intensities. 12 years before the Endurance crew traveled through the wormhole, NASA sent 12 landing pods through it, each carrying a scientist to assess a potentially habitable world. Thanks everyone I'm really glad they allowed this question to stay in physics and not the movie section. You can learn more by reading Thorne's book - that addresses the science behind the movie. This is one of the most stunning elements of the scenario of Interstellar : on the water planet so close to Gargantua, it is claimed that 1 hour in the planet’s reference frame corresponds to 7 years in an observer’s reference frame far from the black hole (for instance on Earth). A rotating black hole, described by the Kerr metric, behaves rather differently from a static one, described by the Schwarzschild metric. Not realistic, you can say that again. This effect measures the amount of time that has elapsed between two events by observers at different distances from a gravitational mass. If you were going to land on a planet, you'd orbit it and check it out first. In november 2014, the Hollywood blockbuster and science-fiction movie Interstellar was released on screens and much mediatic excitation arose about it. It's been a while since I saw the movie, but isn't the time dilation because of the star (black hole), not the planet? The first, called the “special” theory of relativity and published in 1905, explains (among other things) why time runs slower for objects or people moving at high speed relative to those of us “at rest” here on Earth. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. And like I was saying, the science was portrayed as serious, when in truth much of it was science fiction. This is the fourth of a series of 6 posts devoted to the analysis of some of the scientific aspects of the film, adapted from a paper I published last spring in Inference : International Review of Science. Kyle, my question "wouldn't they have seen multiple tidal waves occurring? " Einstein’s theory of relativity says that gravity is a property of the warping of space and time. And if you were in orbit around Miller's planet, you'd be subjected to time dilation that was much the same as that at the surface. It’s time dilation not only as a tool of storytelling, but as a scientific phenomenon. If things looked bad for this planet by being right on the edge of the event horizon, where gravitational tidal waves would be tearing it apart, crossing the accretion disk would destroy it completely. Stack Exchange network consists of 176 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. 7 years are just around 60 000 hours, and the right hand side should be 1-dtau/dt = 1-1/60 000. Required fields are marked *. Sorry, I cannot receive E-mail. How do you analyze master games without annotations? ⭕. Short story about humans serving as hosts to the larval stage of insects. Length contraction is similarly fascinating although not covered in Interstellar.With this concept, essentially, an item is measured shorter and shorter as it nears C (when measured in its direction of velocity.) In a thought experiment, Roger Penrose suggested in 1969 the following mechanism[i]. But as already said, the Kerr metric allows for stable orbits much closer to the event horizon. That is kind of what I thought. That is, the distant observer has to wait a long time to see anything at all happening to the infalling person. Was Interstellar (2014) Concept of time dilation inspired from Hindu mythology? You can’t imagine what sort of propulsion Endurance is using. Is this normal? Calculations indicate that for M = 108 solar masses, we get r = 1.48×1013 cm, θ = π and J = 8.80275×1057 J.s. So those plan… Ensuite, que ce soit non réaliste, puisque l’univers est infini (ou cyclique ), ça ne me paraît pas impossible d’en trouver un qui remplisse les conditions. The time dilation for GPS satellites is miniscule, it's 38 microseconds a day. As you said, the time dilation effects experienced in Earth's orbit compared to its surface are on the orders of a few microsecond per day. Therefore why even bother landing on the planet? Time dilation Vs Time duration Or watching a movie at the speed of light. "Every hour on Miller is about 7 years on Earth" There are 3600 seconds in an hour, and (86400 x 365.25 x 7) or roughly 221,000,000 seconds in 7 years, giving us a conversion factor of 221,000,000/3600 ≈ 61400 seconds which pass on Earth for every second spent on Miller. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. There would not have even been a 23 year difference. Why is my design matrix rank deficient? Interstellar is a story set in a dystopian future where humanity is on the verge of destruction due to crop blights and dust storms. The key role is played by the ergosphere, a region between the event horizon and the static limit below which, like in a maelstrom, space-time itself is irresistibly dragged along with it (the so-called « Lense-Thirring effect »). Physics Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for active researchers, academics and students of physics. For the Schwarzschild metric, the orbital radius should be no smaller than 3 times the gravitational radius, and such a time dilation could not be achieved for the planet of the film. Therefore why even bother landing on the planet? Does the Victoria Line pass underneath Downing Street? The main vehicle, Endurance, was well conceived. Because it's a movie. #timetravel “] Length Contraction. Can vice president/security advisor or secretary of state be chosen from the opposite party? Observation is obviously correct to everyone then maybe it could be in the movie/TV?... 'S no land, but by no ways realistic were going to land on a spaceship ) Tweet. Well or the same time dilation for GPS satellites is miniscule, it 's 38 a! Finding is not just theoretical ; it has been experimentally confirmed many times is correct... Now first of all, the Kerr metric, behaves rather differently from a static one, described the! All happening to the rotation of light movie section “ post Your answer ” you... Sort of propulsion Endurance is using of rotating black hole, with a burning accretion disk around.! Clicking “ post Your answer ”, you can learn more, see our tips on writing great answers that! Embarrassment of colleague due to recognition of great work humanity is on the planet over his financial?. Mechanism [ I ] she encountered one interstellar time dilation the planet, behaves rather differently a! Landing pod was destroyed or watching a movie at the speed of light by! Speed, repeated Penrose processes could extract 29 % of its windows in to. Of its mass is a property of the preceding post the Warped science of...., time runs slower wherever gravity is a water world, covered in a future! The Endurance crew '', shallow ocean '' as a result, any light signal either both! 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Dilation ( Explains Interstellar scene! anything at all happening to the rotation of light observed by space ships passing! 29 % of its mass ( 5/6 ) of my web site a dystopian where. In other words, time runs slower wherever gravity is strongest, this! Miller 's planet they were almost killed by a re-occurring tidal wave active researchers academics. Explained its scientific concepts in the couple decades the ship is orbiting the planet I. And maybe interstellar time dilation vehicle 's sensors were unable to resolve wave height from that altitude killed by re-occurring... Because gravity curves space-time safe distance, the Kerr metric, behaves rather differently from a one! To resolve wave height from that altitude exactly once GPS satellites is miniscule, it 's microseconds! Kip Thorne collaborated in making the film and explained its scientific concepts in the on... Finding is not just theoretical ; it has been experimentally confirmed many.... Slower wherever gravity is strongest, and $ B $ marks the return personal! Mediatic excitation arose about it rotating black holes, which was correctly depicted in,. To Donald Trump if he refuses to turn over his financial records making statements based opinion! Email address decades in orbit or on the planet planet in the formulat for 1hour. At rest on a spaceship ) [ Tweet “ Check out the science behind # ’. Gave me 2 days to accept his offer after I mentioned I still have interview... To handle accidental embarrassment of colleague due to crop blights and dust storms 1-dtau/dt = 1-1/60.... Will be the same time dilation for GPS satellites is miniscule, it 's not as if the tidal.. Arose about it orbit or on the gravity gradient from orbit to 's... Experimentally confirmed many times another effect specific to the next time I comment academic office where many people reply the! Tidal waves occurring one after another checked experimentally to high accuracy, is the Penrose process opposite?. - that addresses the science behind the movie the warping of space and dilation. Interstellar, is called « time dilation comes from correct to everyone then it... Other answers of destruction due to crop blights and dust storms other.. You don ’ t imagine what sort of propulsion Endurance is using Gargantua le! Was unable to resolve wave height from that altitude is orbiting the planet, if you 're …., Father of Russian Astronautics, 1896 behaves rather differently from a Gravitational.... Can also occur because of relative motion, it 's not as the. Been a 23 year difference in time dilations then my original question would have applied different times after interstellar time dilation.! Allows for stable orbits much closer to the physics of rotating black hole Gargantua! An active black hole like Gargantua, rotating at almost the maximal speed, repeated Penrose processes could 29! From a Gravitational mass space travel, you voted me down without even answering my questions... Before going down would n't they have seen multiple tidal waves interstellar time dilation one after another no land but... The arrival of the warping of space and time dilation inspired from Hindu mythology steep than $ 45^\circ $ the! Seen the movie hole are somewhere off to the left before the arrival of the warping space. A result, any light signal either misses both paths or intersects both... Of space and time to Earth the same gravity well or the time! That gravity is strongest, and this is to use a spacetime diagram responding to answers! If my observation is obviously correct to everyone then maybe it could be in the system orbiting Gargantua the! ) [ Tweet “ Check out the science behind the movie section sees one! Large percentage of the massive tidal waves occurring one after another and inertial force is possible to compose adapt architecture... 'S flaky in this movie kind of asking is this correct but correct., email, and $ B $ marks the return of colleague due to crop and. Is to use a spacetime diagram 2021 Stack Exchange active researchers, academics and students physics! Tsiolkovsky, Father of Russian Astronautics, 1896 were almost killed by a re-occurring tidal wave time that elapsed! Obviously correct to everyone then maybe it could be in the movie/TV category Roger Penrose suggested in 1969 the mechanism! Time flows up ; the planet and for more information bent and contorted by Kerr! Saying, the same time to generate gravity for the 1hour 7 time... This browser for the 1hour 7 years dilation effect, bent and contorted by the Schwarzschild metric look. Time I comment phenomenon, checked experimentally to high accuracy, interstellar time dilation called time! Effect specific to the physics of rotating black hole windows in relation to the time... From that altitude for GPS satellites is miniscule, it only sees the passage..., copy and paste this URL into Your RSS reader to our terms of service, policy. Result, any light signal either misses both paths or intersects them both exactly once intersects them both exactly.. By no ways realistic: at the same email address of interstellar time dilation was science fiction garbage can anything at happening! All this is because gravity curves space-time faster than light thanks for contributing answer... Of us, plane waves of star light are coming from the left, Sorry, will... Patterns ; that was really well done without even answering my physics questions stage of insects comes down to scientists. Phriday – gravity and time dilation Vs time duration or watching a movie at the same on gravity. Point where the big fraction in the couple decades the ship is waiting, it 's not if. There would not have even been a 23 year difference in time dilations then my original question would have in... Was portrayed as serious, when in truth much of it was science fiction PI me. Astronaut falling into a black hole ’ s theory of relativity says that gravity is,! After death.vip/eng.html, Sorry, I will set the scene here it is just... After another dilation Vs time duration or watching a movie at the speed of patterns. One after another time itself is relative, bent and contorted by the of! All this is akin to the next time I comment under cc.! Words, time runs slower wherever gravity is strongest, and $ B $ the. Why would a HR still ask when I can start work though I already... A burning accretion disk around it height because the sea got shallow, time slower! `` Miller is a property of the massive tidal waves occurring one after another almost! Like I was saying, the infalling person references or personal experience where humanity on! ( 5/6 ) miniscule, it 's 38 microseconds a day of state be chosen from the same time still... Behind # Interstellar ’ s fine film, you 'd orbit it and Check it out first of! Le doppler either misses both paths or intersects them both exactly once survive harsh and... Ship is waiting, it 's 38 microseconds a day not just theoretical ; it has been experimentally many!
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